\u0622\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u0631pH \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc 8 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc 50 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u067e\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n
\u0622\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646<\/h3>\n
\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648 \u00a0\u0622\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0622\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u0622\u0628 \u0634\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n
\u0622\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0632 1 (0.45\u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0645) \u062a\u0627 200 (90.7\u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u06af\u0631\u0645) \u067e\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f: \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n
\u0622\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645 (%6wt) \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u06cc (%3wt) \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u200c\u0644\u200c\u00ad\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u0631\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627 4 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627 0.9- \u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u061f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0644\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n
\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0648 \u067e\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0622\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n
\u0647\u0631\u0686\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0627\u06a9 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0641\u062a \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n
\u0622\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n
\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u00a0Al2O3 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0646\u062f \u062c\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n
\u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.<\/p>\n
1-\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0622\u0646\u062f\u060c \u067e\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 backfill<\/h4>\n
\u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f. \u067e\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u06af\u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u062a\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u067e\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0641\u062a \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n
2- \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/h4>\n
\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u061f<\/p>\n
\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n
\u0622\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642 lead wire \u0647\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.<\/p>\n
\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u200c\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n
3- Test Station<\/h4>\n
Test station \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u00ad\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u060c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0648… \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. Test station \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639:<\/h4>\n
Test station \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u00ad\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u060c \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0648… \u062a\u0639\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. Test station \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n
\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u061f<\/h4>\n
\u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698\u06cc\u00a0 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u0647\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.\u00a0 \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.
\n\u0627\u0641\u062a\u00ad\u200c\u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 (IR drop) \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 1 \u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n
\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u00ad\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 (\u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 1\u0648\u0644\u062a)\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0641\u062a \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u06a9\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.
\n\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.
\n\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.
\n\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 200ohm.cm \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.
\n\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 pH \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0646 5.5 \u062a\u0627 11 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 60 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0622\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647:<\/h4>\n
\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0698\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0622\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u0648\u06a9\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0630\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n
\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\n
\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (Power supply) DC \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u06a9\u062a\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u062f (+) \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f (-) \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f \u062a\u0632\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.
\n\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 100 \u0648\u0644\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.
\n\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u06a9\u062a\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f \u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n
\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0686\u0647 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f<\/h3>\n
\u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u061f \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a.
\n\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a (SRB) \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 0.95- \u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\/\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645.
\n\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n
\u0622\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646<\/h4>\n
\u0622\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0646\u062b\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0686\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u067e\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.
\n\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u00a0 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 100 \u0648\u0644\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.
\n\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0622\u0628 \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0622\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0631\u062e \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u062a.<\/p>\n
\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n- \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u061f<\/li>\n
- \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/li>\n
- NACE Standards<\/li>\n
- DNV Standards<\/li>\n
- British Standards (BS)<\/li>\n
- \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0630\u06a9\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 NACE \u0645\u0647\u0645\u00ad\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n
- \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0632\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n
- \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0686\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f\u061f<\/li>\n
- \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n
- \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a.<\/li>\n
- \u0641\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n
- \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0628 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/h2>\n\n- \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u061f<\/li>\n
- \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0628<\/li>\n
- \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n
- \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635<\/li>\n
- \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631<\/li>\n
- \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 Over-protection<\/li>\n
- \u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/h2>\n\n- \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u0631\u06cc\u0642<\/li>\n
- \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/h2>\n\n- \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n
- \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n
- \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0698 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/h2>\n\n- \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 over-protection \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u00ad.<\/li>\n
- \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0686\u0634\u0645\u00ad\u06af\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n
- \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u00ad\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u062f\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0648 \u062a\u0632\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062c\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647\u00a0 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u06a9 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f - \u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0634<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u062a \u0648 \u06af\u0627\u0632\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u060c\u062a\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u0627\u062a\" \/>\n<meta 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